Nobel Prize for Literature, 2005-1995
Among the five prizes provided for in Alfred Nobel's will (1895), one was intended for the person who, in the literary field, had produced "the most outstanding work in an ideal direction." The laureate is determined each year by the Swedish Academy. Nobel defined literature as "not only belles-lettres, but also other writings which, by virtue of their form and style, possess literary value." The prize was first awarded in 1901.
2005
Harold
Pinter (United Kingdom)
2004
Elfriede
Jelinek (Austria)
2003
J.M.
Coetzee (South Africa)
2002
Imre
Kertész (Hungary)
2001
V.S. Naipaul
(England)
2000
Gao
Xingjian (China)
1999
Gunter
Grass (Germany)
1998
José
Saramago (Portugal)
1997
Dario Fo(Italy)
1996
Wislawa
Szymborska (Poland)
1995
Seamus
Heaney (Ireland)