MUTH132

Mr. Lubben

Fall 2001

Notes on Binary and Ternary Forms

Binary form: a form in two parts. Most frequently, part two is longer and more complex than part one. In many works in binary form, the two parts are separated by a double bar and repeat signs.

Continuous binary: a binary form in which the first part is harmonically open, that is, part one does not end with a conclusive cadence in the key in which it began.

Sectional binary: a binary form in which the first part is harmonically closed, that is, part one ends with a conclusive cadence in the key in which it began.

Rounded binary: all or the beginning of part one returns in the tonic toward the end of part two. The thematic design of rounded binary form is analyzed as A | B A('). Part one contains A and part two contains B and the return of A. B projects at least some degree of contrast through harmonic structure and/or thematic activity.

Simple binary: no portion of part one returns in the tonic at or toward the end of part two. Works in simple binary form are analyzed as A A'or A B, depending upon the degree of thematic contrast exhibited by the parts.

Balanced binary: the closing material of the first part returns, transposed to the tonic key, at the close of the second part.

Ternary form: a form containing three parts, all of which are harmonically closed. The chief characteristic of the design is statement-contrast-restatement. Transitions may link the parts. Works in ternary form are symbolized A | B | A('). Tne chief difference between ternary and rounded binary form is that the B section of a ternary form is harmonically closed, while the B section of a rounded binary is harmonically open.

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