Spring, 2002

Pat Day

English/Cinema Studies 272
MWF, 10:00-10:50, King 343
e-mail: William.Patrick.Day@oberlin.edu

Rice 114, (440) 775-8574
Office hours: TuW, 3:00 to 4:30 p.m.,
& by appt

American Cinema: The Possibilities of Art in the Entertainment Business    

In this course we'll explore what it means to look at  cinema through the lens of a particular national tradition, our example being American cinema.  An underlying concern of the course is not only how do we "discover" a tradition but what kind of critical perspective and limitations  such an approach offers. 

The tradition of American cinema is largely, though not exclusively, the tradition of  the Hollywood entertainment industry, the self-proclaimed "dream factory."  We will look at two eras which are arguably the high points of this Hollywood system, 1939-42 and 1971-75  in order to understad the way "the system" we call Hollywood fostered distinctive types of moviemaking over its history.  Many of the readings will focus on industrial history and the nature of the production system; the movies we will look at are presented in some measure as "examples" of the Hollywood traditions.  A central question we will deal with is the degree to which we want to think of the movies made in this system as "products"  and the degree to which we want to think about them under the rubric of "art."     Or, as director William Wellman put it,  we'll inquire about the relation of  "canned goods to caviar."

  Reading & Viewing Schedule

Date

Movie

Readings,  Available on ERes

Supplementary Movie

Week 1

 

Margaret Farrand Thorp  from America at the Movies

Appendix IV: The Production Code of the Motion Picture Producers and Directors of America, Inc.

Boardwell, Staiger & Thompson from  The Classical Hollywood Cinema

Robert B, Ray   from A Certain Tendency of Hollywood Cinema: "Introduction" and "Formal and Thematic Paradigms"

Richard Maltby  Hollywood: An Introduction

 

Week 2

Gone With the Wind 1939

 

from Richard Harwell, ed. Gone With the Wind as Book and Film

from Leonard Leff The Dame in the Kimono

 

Week 3

Stagecoach 1939

 

Destry Rides Again 1939

Dodge City 1939

Week 4

Rebecca 1940

Thomas Schatz  from The Genius of the System

Jezebel 1938

Week 5

His Girl Friday 1940

Gareth Jowett, ed. From Film: The Democratic Art: Part Three: A Mature Oligopoly

The Philadelphia Story 1940

The Awful Truth 1940

My Favorite Wife 1937

Week 6

The Maltese Falcon 1941

Peter Wollen  "The Auteur Theory"

Robert Rosenbluam & Robert Karen   from When the Shooting Stops…the Cutting Begins.

High Sierra 1941

Double Indemnity 1944

The Big Sleep 1946

Week 7

Citizen Kane 1941

 

 

Week 8

Break Week

 

 

Week 9

Harold and Maude 1971

Five Easy Pieces 1970

Jowett  from Film: The Democratic Art:The Uncertain Future

Robert Sklar  from  Movie-made America: A Cultural History of American Movies

Gerald Mast, ed.   from  The Movies in Our Midst

 

 

Week 10

Chinatown 1974

Mast, Cohen, Braudy, ed.   From   Film Theory and Criticism

John Cawelti, "Chinatown and Generic Transformation"

Robert Benedetto "The Two Chintowns" from Creative Screenwriting

 

The Long Goodbye 1973

Week 11

 

Taxi Driver 1976

Paul Schrader, "Notes on Film Noir" Robert B. Ray  from A Certain Tendency of Hollywood Cinema "The Godfather and Taxi Driver"

Dirty Harry 1971

Week 12

The Godfather 1971

 

 

 

Week 13

American Graffiti 1973

 

 

Week 14

Night of the Living Dead 1968

 

The Exorcist 1973

 

Mechanics of the Course.

 

1) I assume valuable things happen in class sessions. I take attendance; I expect you to keep track of your attendance too, because "I didn't realize I'd missed that many classes" is not an excuse. You get two unexcused absences, absences other than illness or family emergency. "I had a paper due for another course, my fish was depressed, I don't do Wednesdays, I'm in a production of The Sunshine Boys and we had rehearsal" are not excusable absences.

 

We only have 39 classes, less than 39 hours over the semester. More than 2 unexcused absences and your grade goes down; after 6 unexcused absences, you've no-entry-ed the course.

 

Attendance also means showing up on time.  I'm aware that things happen, but regularly strolling in 5 minutes after class starts is a very bad idea.

 

2) You have to participate in the class. Participation doesn't mean talking a lot, it means being engaged in the interchange among the members of the class: asking good questions, responding to other people's questions, thinking before you talk. Talking in groups such, as a class is a skill, every bit as much as writing is. Its a skill worth having, because in fact a

lot of work in all institutions gets done in that way. Being able to talk effectively in a group is, as they say, an important "self-empowerment." I know that a number of people have trouble speaking up in class. You should feel as free to consult me on strategies and methods for doing that as you'd consult me about your writing.

 

3) You have to form, with other members of the course, a discussion group that meets outside of class once a week. Some groups prefer to meet before discussions and/or lectures, other prefer to meet after.  Right after the showing of the movie on Sunday might be a good time to meet.  That's up to each group to decide. Groups should be 4 or 5 people maximum.

 

Incomplete Policy

 

Academic or emergency incompletes are yours to take if you want, as long as you are in good standing in the course. You don't need to tell me the story, unless you want to; I trust that you wouldn't take an incomplete without a good reason. "Good Standing" means that you have completed all the work assigned for the first module and at least some of the work for the second.

 

The Honor Code

 

It should go without saying that I expect you to hand in your own work, not somebody else's.   But in this course I expect you to read each other's writing and talk to each other about your ideas.  Having a real intellectual life does not mean hiding from other people's thoughts in hopes of staying "original" but instead responding imaginatively and creatively to the influence of other people's ideas.    Thus obvious cheating--buying papers off the net, using somebody else's essay from another course, lifting unacknowledged sections from other people's writing--is plagiarism.    You simply can't learn anything from this sort of thing, so it violates the whole point of education.    If discussions with other people in the course or in the readings you do for the course or in other contexts influences your thinking to an unusual degree, you should acknowledge them.

 

Writing Assignments

 

   * Written work must be handed in on time.

   * Late essays will be accepted at the discretion of the instructor

   * All work must be handed in to get credit for the course.

   * Hard copies of essays must be typed, double spaced, stapled together, pages

     numbered.

   * Backs of previously used paper is fine for drafts; final version should

     be printed on both sides of the sheet.

   * Essays must have a title, though they don't have to have a cover sheet.

   * References should be in the following form: (Wordsworth, "Preface" p.

     2) with full citation in end notes

 

Short Assignments

 

The class will be divided into writing groups.  Each week one group will write a short essay due by 5 p.m. on Tuesday, another will write a sort essay due by 5 PM on Thursday.  Essays should be about 600 words (two typed pages) These essays will be posted to a course listserve.   

 

Initial Assignment

 

#1. A 600 word essay explaining why you’re taking the course, what specifically you want to get out of it, and what you think you know about American cinema.

 

Midterm Essay

 

#2. 1500 words. This is a short critical essay; I'll ask you to focus on the relation of style to meaning in a single movie.   Due the week before Spring Break.

 

The Final Essay

 

A 3000+ word essay on a topic of your choice.  I am open to proposals for different kinds of final projects, though they will require a proposal, a progress report, and a final report/reflection on the project.   The essay will be  developed in three stages.

 

#1  Proposal. A brief 500 word explanation of what you think you want to write about and why you think this is important.  Due week 11

 

#2  First Draft. Due week 13. I'll read and comment on this draft. It should be as complete as possible, but I don't expect a "finished"product.

 

#3  Final Draft. Due at the end of Reading Period.

 

How I comment on your written work.

 

The comments on your writing will be, as one former student put it, "ambiguous." I don't do much "this is good, that's bad" commenting. The comments I make will be directed to making you think about what you'rewriting about, raising issues you may want to consider in revising, or writing about in the next prep essay. For specific advice on how to revise, what to do with a particular argument, etc., we should set up a conference.

 

Grading

 

You won't receive any grades over the course of the semester. This isn't because the grade is unimportant (if it was unimportant we wouldn't give it, would we?) but because the work in the course is part of a process, rather than a sequence of discrete units. If I am trying to encourage you to use your writing to be experimental and speculative, leading to your final essay, it makes little sense to grade it along the way. But if you want a sense of how you're doing, you should feel free to come and speak to me about your work. I will be able to tell you if you are making what I see as reasonable progress, what things you may want to work on, what things you seem to be doing best. I won't be able to be extremely precise about a grade equivalent, however. On a rough scale, though, I would say that if you are doing intelligent analysis of the works we consider and are able to state your own views clearly, that is C- to C+ work. If you are able to interpret the material we are working with, discuss not only what is "said" but what its significance might be, you would be in the B- to B range. If in addition you can demonstrate a capacity for self-reflective critical work (thinking about your own way of thinking and what it means to think as you do) you would be in the B+ to A range. So these are the kinds of mental activity you will be doing in the course: analysis & response, interpretation, and self-reflection.

 

Filmography  for American Cinema

 

Gone With the Wind 1939, MGM/Selznick, prod.  David O. Selznick, dir.  Victor Fleming; uncredited directors: George Cukor, Sam Wood, David Selznick, scr. Sidney Howard and others, ph Ernst Haller, Ray Renaham, mus. Max Steiner, pd.  William Cameron Menzies,  ad Lyle Wheeler 1939

 

Stagecoach UA/Walter Wanger, prod.  John Ford, dir.  scr. Dudley Nicholas, ph Bert Gennon, Ray Binger, mus, 5 composers, md Boris Morros 1939

                                   

His Girl Friday 1940, Columbia, prod./dir. Howard   Hawkes, src. Charles Lederer from The Front Page, Charles MacArthur and Ben Hecht  ph Joseph Walker 1940

 

Rebecca , Selznick International, prod. David O. Selznick,  dir. Alfred Hitchcock; scr. Robert Shrewood, Joan Harrison, ph George Barnes, mus Franz Waxman 1940          

 

The Maltese Falcon, Warner Brothers, prod. Henry  Blanke, dir. John Huston, scr. John Huston  ph Arthur Edson, mus. Arnold Deutsch 1941

 

Citizen Kane, RKO, prod./dir. Orson Welles  scr. Joseph Mankiewicz, ph Gregg Toland, mus Bernard Hermann, ad Van Nest Polglase 1941

 

Five Easy Pieces  Columbia/Bert Schnieder (Bob Rafelson, Richard Wenschler)  dir. Bob Rafelson  scr. Adrian Joyce  ph Lazlo Kovacs  mus. Various  1970

 

Harold and Maude  Paramount/Mildred Lewis/Colin Higgins  d. Hal Ashby scr. Colin Higgins, ph John A. Alonzo mus. Cat Stevens   1971

 

The Godfather  Paramount/ Alfran Albert S. Ruddy, prod.  dir. Francis Ford Coppola, scr. Francis Ford Coppola and Mario Puzo from his novel, ph Gordon Willis, pd Dean Tavourlais, mus. Nino Rota  1972

 

Chinatown.  Paramount/Long Road  Robert Evans, prod.   dir. Roman Polanski, scr.  Robert Towne, ph John Alonso, pd Richard Sylbert, mus  Jerry Goldsmith  1973. 

 

American Graffiti  Universal/Lucasfilm/Coppola Company (Francis Ford Coppola & Gary Kurtz) dir. George Lucas,  scr George  Lucas, Gloria Katz, Willard Huyck, ph Ron Eveslage, Jan D'Alquen, Lazlo Kovacs (uncredited)  mus; various sources.  1973

 

 Taxi Driver   Columbia/Italo-Jdeo (Michael and Julia Phillips)  dir Martin Scorsese, scr. Paul Schrader, ph Michael Chapman, mus. Bernard Herrmann  1976