Spring 2000

Ms. Gillian Johns

English 439
Wednesdays 7:00-9:30

Rice 101
x8921

Peters 129

Office hours: MW 9-11
& by appt

E-mail: Gillian.Johns@oberlin.edu

RICHARD WRIGHT: BIOGRAPHY, INTELLECT, WORKS

Description of Course

Why, you might ask, an entire course focused on one African-American writer, let alone Richard Wright, whose imagination some good readers have found to be misogynistic, idiosyncratic, racially alienated, and even pathological? And the answer is twofold: sustained inquiry into Wright's literary career and intellectual life allows us to broaden our understanding of (1) how one of the first African-American authors to make a living consistently via the craft of writing produced and revised his work and (2) how we and others might engage in research on such a figure and/or in the field of African-American literature more generally. Wright, then, serves as a kind of case study for examination of African-American authorship and intellectual life from the 1930s through the 1950s. In the words of one scholar,

Wright was neither a consistent, refined craftsman nor a stylistic innovator. His successes are colossal, his failures dreadful. His creative efforts usually reveal first a Negro conscious of his race, second an artist committed to polished performance. However, he is a fascinating figure not only for literary critics, but also for historians, sociologists, and philosophers. He was actively immersed within many of the major social and intellectual movements of the first half of the twentieth century, and much of his fiction and nonfiction was focused upon them. The rise of science, the ramifications of industrialism, the effects of Marxism, the emergence in world politics of new power configurations composed of ex-colonial peoples, the growth of secularism, the development of modern philosophies of existence -- all are treated by Wright in his diverse works. The limited vision of a poorly educated black boy in the white man's American south grew to encompass the currents of the history of his time.

Following the spirit of such testimony, throughout this course we will explore Wright as a pivotal black author in both formal and ideological terms. We will examine many (though not all) of his works and attend to both continuities and shifts revealed in his writings in various genres. In addition, students will engage in their own research on some aspect of Wright's work or career or on another related twentieth-century African-American author. By the end of the course, students should develop a sense of the art and dialogue involved in critical inquiry and literary research.

Required Texts

Course reader (available from the English Dept. office, Rice 130)
Michel Fabre, The Unfinished Quest of Richard Wright, 2nd ed, U of Illinois P, 1993
Richard Wright, Lawd Today!, Northeastern UP, 1993
Richard Wright, Uncle Tom's Children, HarperCollins, 1991
Richard Wright, Native Son, HarperCollins, 1993
Richard Wright, Black Boy (American Hunger), HarperCollins, 1993
Richard Wright, The Outsider, HarperCollins, 1993
Richard Wright, Savage Holiday, Banner, 1995
Richard Wright, Eight Men, HarperCollins, 1996
Richard Wright, Rite of Passage, HarperCollins, 1994

Expectations/Requirements

Class Framework-- As an advanced, 400-level "special topics" course, this class will not be driven by lecture but, rather, by discussion. In the beginning of the semester, students will be asked to write a few short response papers, but as the semester goes on students are expected to take responsibility for their own ongoing investment and participation in the course. This means that your level of preparation and engagement will factor significantly into your overall course grade. A primary goal of this course, however, is to offer you experience in conducting research, so the assignments and groupings of readings are designed to aid you in management of a variety of (primary and secondary) literary materials while you extend your knowledge. Thus, in addition to factoring into your course grade, attendance and participation--as well as completion of all assignments on schedule--will be essential to the progress and success of your own final project.

Writing/Research Component-- You will turn in several papers in this course: two short (two to three-page) papers, which will emerge out of informal "response" papers you prepare for class discussion; and one longer (12 to 15-page) paper which you will research and conceptualize throughout the semester. In addition, two abstracts and an annotated bibliography (to be discussed in class) will count toward your final course grade. You are encouraged to follow and develop your own interests in your research and long paper, though you must work in a topic that grows from considerations and perspectives explored in this course through our study of Wright. For example, you might work on a final project exploring the influence of Wright's work on Ann Petry's fiction or, say, his influence on the ways critics approach her fiction.

All papers are to be typed, double spaced, with one-inch margins; and they must include a bibliography in MLA format (to be discussed in class).

NOTE: The grade for any late papers will drop one-third of a letter grade (e.g., from B to B-) every two days (from Mon. to Wed., Wed. to Fri., etc.) unless special arrangement has been made with the instructor in advance of the due date. Justifiable reasons for requesting an extension are illness and family emergency but not waiting too long to begin work on the paper. Likewise, incompletes must be negotiated before the last week of classes and will be offered only in the case of a justifiable and/or unforeseen problem completing the work on schedule. No final papers will be accepted beyond Reading Period other than those of students who have taken incompletes in the course.

Reading and Assignment Schedule

Feb. 9

Course Introduction: Prospects for Research

Interpreting the Emergence of an Author

Feb. 16

 

Wright, Black Boy (American Hunger), chapters 1 through 8; Fabre, The Unfinished Quest of Richard Wright, preface, introduction, and chapters 1-3 (to p. 72)
Recommended: Walker, Richard Wright: Daemonic Genius, pp. 1-50

Feb. 23

 

Mudd Library, Room 202: research instruction 7:00 to 7:45.
Wright, Black Boy (American Hunger), chapters 9 to end; JanMohamed, "Negating the Negation: The Construction of Richard Wright"
Recommended: Timothy Dow Adams, "Richard Wright: 'Wearing the Mask'"
RESPONSE PAPER

New York Years -- Intersections between Ideology and Literary Form

March 1

 

Wright, Lawd Today!; Fabre, The Unfinished Quest, chapters 4-6; Brady, "Wright's Lawd Today!: The American Dream Festering in the Sun"
Recommended: Frazier, "'Society': Status without Substance"
RESPONSE PAPER

March 8

 

Wright, Uncle Tom's Children; Wright, "Blueprint for Negro Writing"; Fabre, The Unfinished Quest, chapters 7 and 8; Select contemporary reviews of Uncle Tom's Children
RESPONSE PAPER

March 15

Wright, Native Son, pp. 1 to ~215; Canfield Fisher, "Introduction to the First Edition"; Bradley, "On Rereading Native Son"; Fabre, The Unfinished Quest, chapter 9
Recommended: Kent, "Richard Wright: Blackness and the Adventure of Western Culture"
ABSTRACT 1 DUE

March 22

Native Son, pp. 215 to end; Wright, "How Bigger Was Born"; Elmer, "Spectacle and Event in Native Son"
REVISIONS OF RESPONSE PAPERS DUE
FILM: Native Son (to be scheduled)
Recommended: Houseman, "Native Son on Stage"; Cripps, "Native Son in the Movies"

March 29

SPRING BREAK

Paris Years -- Historical Consciousness, Modernity, Existentialism

April 5

 

Select readings of Wright's non-fiction (to be discussed in class); Gilroy, "'Without the Consolation of Tears': Richard Wright, France, and the Ambivalence of Community"; Richard Wright, "The American Problem&emdash;Its Negro Phase"; Fabre, The Unfinished Quest, chapters 11-12 and 14

April 12

Wright, The Outsider, Books 1 to 3; reviews by Bontemps and Hansberry; Turner, "The Outsider: Revision of an Idea"; Fabre, The Unfinished Quest, pp. 365-381
Recommended: Widmer, "Black Existentialism: Richard Wright"
BIBLIOGRAPHY DUE

April 19

The Outsider, Books 4 to end; Adell, "Richard Wright's The Outsider and
the Kierkegaardian Concept of Dread"; Singh, "Richard Wright's The Outsider: Existentialist Exemplar or Critique?"

April 26

Wright, Savage Holiday; Reilly, "Richard Wright's Curious Thriller, Savage Holiday"; Walker, "Savage Holiday: A Freudian Nightmare"; selections from December 1968 Negro Digest (to be discussed in class)
ABSTRACT 2 DUE

May 3

Wright, Rite of Passage; selections from Wright, Eight Men; Baker, "Reassessing "Wright: A Meditation on the Black (W)hole"; Fabre, The Unfinished Quest, chapters 17-19
Recommended: Baldwin, "Alas, Poor Richard"

May 10

Wright, selections from Haiku: this Other World; Hakutani, "Nature, Haiku, and 'This Other World'"; Fabre, The Unfinished Quest, chapter 21
Recommended: Wright, "The Literature of the Negro in the United States"

May 13-16

 

READING PERIOD
FINAL PAPERS DUE MAY 15, 3:00, RICE 101