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Glossary
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hack. To modify a program, usually illegally or poorly. Working on a computer by someone not highly regarded as a professional, yet who is quite proficient.
hacker. One who hacks. The term "hacker" describes anyone who writes computer programs, modifies computer hardware, or tinkers with computers or electronic devices for fun. Hackers will "hack" on a problem until they find a solution, always trying to make their equipment work in new, more efficient ways.
half-duplex. The transmission of data in one direction at a time. Sometimes called Echo Off by communications programs, through that's not really the same thing.
handshake. The exchange of signals between two networked computer, indicating that data transmission can safely take place. It can also take place between two modems before they start talking.
hardware. The physical parts of a computer, printer, modem,monitor, and keyboard that you can touch. In comparison, software are programs that tell your hardware what to do next.
HDML. Handheld Device Markup Language is used to format content for Web enabled mobile phones. HDML is phone.com's (formerly known as Unwired Planet) proprietary language, which can only be viewed on mobile phones that use phone.com browsers. HDML came before the WAP standard was created. It uses phone.com's Handheld Device Transport Protocol (HDTP), instead of WAP. Phones access HDML sites the following way: Once the URL is typed into the phone, the phone sends the request to phone.com's UP.Link gateway. The gateway sends a HTTP request to the Web server. The Web servers returns the page via HTTP back to the phone.com UP.Link gateway. The gateway sends the data via HDTP to the wireless carrier's network and down to the phone. HDML and the phone.com gateway are most popular throughout North America. In Europe, WML and the Nokia WAP gateway and browser are the emerging standard. However, some versions of phone.com browsers do interpret basic WML. To serve HDML pages, administrators must add the text/x-hdml mime type to their Web servers.
head. The part of any floppy or hard disk drive that reads data off the spinning disk.
header. Repetitive text (such as a page number, chapter title) that appears at the top of each page in a document.
heap. An area of storage used for allocation of storage whose lifetime is not related to the execution of the current routine. The heap consists of the initial heap segment and zero or more increments.
hidden files. MS-DOS files that do not show up when you use the DIR command. Some programs create hidden files to keep users (or viruses) from copying them illegally or from erasing or altering them by mistake.
host. (1) In networks, the host computer is the one that controls the network and stores the program and data that the other computers on the network use. (2) In telecommunications, it's the host computer that you have dialed and are connected to.
hot key. Any key or combination of keys that performs a special action in a program. This term usually applies to memory-resident programs.
hot link. A special way that two programs can share data; changing data in one program automatically changes the same data in another program. An example of a hot link is a word processor document with spreadsheet data. If you change the spreadsheet data using a spreadsheet program, the data automatically changes in the work processor document as well.
HTML. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). The convention (some call
it a language) used to create convention Web pages.
HTTP. An acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The native communications scheme of the World Wide Web, initially used to transfer hypertext documents, though this is being expanded.
home page. The first Web page that appears in a Web browser when it is started.
hyperlink. A reference in HTML to another hypertext segment.
hypertext. A system or writing and displaying text that enables the text to be linked in several ways. Hypertext documents can also contain links to related documents, such as those referred to in footnotes. Hypermedia can also contain pictures, sounds, and/or video.
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