The goals of the Biology major are to: (1) teach the fundamental
concepts and methods of the biological sciences; (2) engage all students
in science as it is practiced by developing their capacities to use
and evaluate scientific knowledge; and (3) explore relationships
of biology to other sciences and to problems of social, cultural,
and intellectual concern.
By proper selection of biology and other science courses in consultation
with a departmental advisor, the major in biology can prepare a student
for graduate study and research in a wide range of areas including
anatomy, biochemistry, bioengineering, biophysics, botany, cell biology,
conservation biology, developmental biology, ecology, environmental
sciences, immunology, marine biology, microbiology, molecular biology,
mycology, physiology, virology, zoology, etc. The major in biology
can also lead to a variety of careers in applied biology (medicine
and agriculture and their allied fields) and science teaching.
Advanced Placement. Students earning scores of 4 or 5 on the
Advanced Placement Biology exam (AP Bio) will receive four hours of natural science credit applied toward graduation requirements.
Four hours of Biology major credit, designated as Biology 605, are
automatically granted to students earning a score of 5 on the Advanced
Placement exam, or at least 6 on the International Baccalaureate
exam. Students granted AP credit in biology who intend to major in
biology are exempted from taking the introductory sequence (Biology
118, 119, 120) but must still complete the 27 hour minimum for the
major, by earning 23 biology credits in addition to the four granted
as Biology 605. Students with Biology 605 may elect, if they so choose,
to take either Biology 118 plus 119, or Biology 120 for four credits;
if both of these courses are taken, Biology 605 credit will not be
granted. Students with AP credit must still take at least five laboratory
courses.
Exemptions. Exemption (not Placement) tests, offered annually
every August, may be taken by any student wishing to be exempted
from taking Biology 118, 119 and/or 120. Note that a score of 5 in
Advanced Placement Biology (AP Bio) will also exempt any student
from taking these courses. It must be pointed out, however, that
these courses are appropriate and helpful for those intending to
take the MCAT or similar proficiency exams. It is thus recommended
that students who foresee taking such exams take (or, minimally,
audit) these courses.
Entry-Level Course Sequence Suggestions. Students with a strong
high-school science background find taking Introductory Biology and
Chemistry courses simultaneously in the first semester both useful
and challenging. Other students benefit greatly from taking only
one of these courses during their first semester at Oberlin. Prospective
Biology majors are urged to consult with a Biology faculty member
during freshman advising period to discuss these options.
Major. The Biology major consists of a minimum of 27 hours of coursework in categories I through IV and additional cognate coursework
in category V. A minimum of nine hours of advanced coursework (defined
as courses in categories II, III and IV) must be completed at Oberlin.
No more than seven hours of the advanced coursework may be transfer
credits. Courses in which a student has earned a letter grade lower
than a C– cannot be used to fulfill the requirements of the
Biology major.
Requirements for the Biology Major
I. Core Biology Courses:
A. Biology 118 (Organismal Biology, lecture) and Biology 119 (Organismal Biology,
lab).
B. Biology 120 (Genetics, Evolution and Ecology, lecture, and lab).
C. Biology 213 (Cell and Molecular Biology, lecture).
II. Upper-level Biology Courses taken at Oberlin College:
A. At least two 200- or 300-level Biology lecture courses (exclusive of Biology
213).
B. At least one 200- or 300-level Biology lab experience (exclusive of Biology
214).
III. Additional Laboratory Courses:
Two laboratory experiences, one of which may be replaced by a semester of research
taken for credit. (Each lab course or course that includes a lab counts as a
single lab course regardless of the number of lab meetings per week.)
IV. Additional Upper-Level Courses to bring the total number of hours to at least
27:
Requirements in categories III and IV above may be fulfilled by taking 200-
or 300-level courses in Biology; 200- or 300-level courses in Neuroscience; Environmental
Studies 316 (Systems Ecology) and 340 (Environmental Systems Modeling); Chemistry
374 (Biochemistry); and Geology 320 (Paleontology). Up to three credit hours of a 400-level Biology or Neuroscience seminar course and up to three credit
hours of research may be counted toward the major. Honors candidates completing
two full semesters of research may count up to four credit hours toward the major.
Private readings do not count for major credit.
V. Cognate Course Requirements:
A. Chemistry 101 and 102 (or 103 may replace 101 and 102).
B. Chemistry 205.
C. Four additional hours selected from the following: Calculus (MATH 131, 132
or 133), Chemistry (CHEM 254), PHYS 103, Statistics (MATH 113 or 114).
Minor. There is no minor offered in Biology.
Honors. Candidates for Honors in Biology enroll as seniors in BIOL 501
and 502, carry out a research project in consultation with a faculty committee,
write and defend a thesis based on completed work, and give a required research
seminar. Students interested in this program should initiate a discussion of
research possibilities with any member of the staff during the junior year. Students
are not accepted formally into the Honors Program until their proposed research
is reviewed by the department at the beginning of their first semester of research.
Off-Campus or Summer Study. The department offers limited scholarships
for summer coursework at approved field (inland and marine) stations in the United
States. Applications for these scholarships are invited early in the spring semester;
awards are made in May. In general, students planning off-campus study are advised
to consult first with their advisor, and then the department chair to determine
acceptability of courses to the major.
Transfer of Credit. Credits in Biology earned elsewhere may be applied
to the Oberlin Biology major with the approval of the department chair, as long
as 14 of the 27 hour minimum in Biology, including nine hours of advanced coursework
(defined above, under 'major'), are completed at Oberlin.
Winter Term. Among the topics for Winter Term projects that members of
the Biology Department are willing to sponsor are the following: Mr. Allen: projects
relying upon genetic, molecular biological, and biophysical techniques to address
cell physiological questions. Readings in the physiology of muscle and motile
cells. Instruction and readings in Old Icelandic and Old English literature.
Ms. Bennett: intensive science review; pre-medical internship. Mr. Benzing: the
technology of winemaking and viticulture; tropical biology. Mr. Braford: laboratory
research in comparative neuroanatomy for students who have had Biology 320; neurobiology;
evolution; systematics. Ms. Cruz: projects involving comparative embryology,
developmental biology, marsupial biology. Readings in the history of biology,
philosophy of science, evolution. Ms. Garvin: projects and readings in parasitology,
entomology, ornithology, epidemiology, and ecology. Ms. Laskowski: projects involving
plant physiology, plant molecular biology. Mr. Laushman: projects involving conservation
biology, population genetics, and aquatic vascular plants. Ms. McCormick: projects
on the evolution of vertebrate auditory and lateral line systems; topics on the
evolution of vertebrate structure. Mr. Miller: holistic health; new age/transformational
subjects; psychic healing group project; new paradigms in science; noetic sciences.
Ms. Salter: projects involving immunology, virology, or cancer; health career
internships. Mr. Tarvin: projects and readings in vertebrate evolutionary and
behavioral ecology, ornithology, avian blood parasites, molecular genetic tools
for evolutionary analyses and readings in human behavioral ecology and evolutionary
biology. Ms. Thornton: projects involving neuroendocrinology and behavioral neuroendocrinology.
Preparation for Post-Graduate Education Medical School, Dental and Veterinary Medicine. Most medical, dental, and veterinary
schools require:
1. One year of General Biology with laboratory.
2. Two years of Chemistry with laboratory.
3. One year of Mathematics.
4. One year of Physics with laboratory.
5. One year of English.
Students planning careers in medicine should consult the Health Career Advisors,
the Office of Career Services, and references in the Science Library for details.
Graduate Schools. Most graduate schools in biology expect a major in the biological
sciences to include:
1. Two years of Chemistry with laboratory.
2. One year of Physics with laboratory.
3. College-level Mathematics (Calculus and Statistics).
4. Courses in Computer Science.
Certain deficiencies in coursework may be made up in graduate school but generally
not for graduate credit. Students planning to pursue an advanced degree should
consult individual admission requirements of the schools and graduate departments
in which they are interested. The qualifying examination for most graduate schools
is the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) which consists of two parts, the General
Examination and an advanced component in Biology. The majority of graduate schools
require the General Examination for admission but there is variation with respect
to the Advanced Requirement. Students are strongly urged to consult with members
of the Biology Department in preparing for graduate work.
FYSP 116. Field-Based Writing: Ecology of the Vermilion River Watershed
4 hours, 2NS, 2HU, WRi
First Semester.
For description, please see "First-Year Seminar
Program" in
this catalog. Enrollment Limit: 14.
Ms. Garvin
FYSP 156. The Ethics of Biotech
4 hours, 2NS, 2HU, WR
First Semester.
For description, please see "First-Year Seminar
Program" in
this catalog. Enrollment Limit: 14.
Ms. Cruz, Ms. McClure
FYSP 165. Feeding the World
4 hours, 4NS, QPh, WR
First Semester.
For description, please see "First-Year Seminar
Program" in
this catalog. Enrollment Limit: 14.
Ms. Laskowski
FYSP 182. Traditions of Health and Disease in Folk and Conventional
Medicine
4 hours, 4NS, WRi
Second Semester.
For description, please see "First-Year Seminar
Program" in
this catalog. Enrollment Limit: 14.
Mr. Allen
Introductory
Courses for Non-majors and Prospective Majors
032. Body in Health and Disease
1-2 hours, 1-2NS
First Semester.
For description, please see "Colloquia for First-
and Second-Year
Students" in this catalog. Enrollment Limit: 8.
Mr. Allen
115. Field Botany
2 hours, 2NS
Second Semester.
Second Module.
A study of vegetation emphasizing vascular plants
as they occur in Northern Ohio. Identification of species and types of plant
communities and selected aspects of natural history will be emphasized. Prerequisite:
BIOL 118/119, or consent of instructor. Enrollment Limit: 17.
Mr. Benzing
118. Organismal Biology (Lecture only)
3 hours, 3NS
First Semester.
This course provides prospective biology majors
and others with an integrated introduction to the biology of
organisms, from the subcellular
level, through the cellular, tissue, organ, and whole organismal level.
Ms. Cruz, Ms. Laskowski
119. Organismal Biology (Laboratory only)
1 hour,
1NS
First Semester.
Laboratory exercises will emphasize anatomical
and physiological studies of higher vertebrate and flowering
plant whole organisms. Preserved
animals are dissected in some laboratories. Some exercises and discussions
are designed
to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills in data analysis
and interpretation. Enrollment Limit: 24.
Note: Students must be concurrently
enrolled
in or have already had BIOL 118. Priority will be given to first- and second-year
students.
Ms. Bennett, Ms. Cruz, Ms. Laskowski
120. Genetics, Evolution, and Ecology
4 hours, 4NS
Second Semester.
This course provides prospective biology majors
and others with an integrated introduction to key biological
principles of genetics,
ecology,
and evolution. The labs feature exercises and discussions designed to
develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills in data
analysis and interpretation.
Note: Priority will be given to first- and second-year students.
Ms. Bennett, Ms. Garvin, Mr. Laushman
201. Invertebrate Biology
4 hours, 4NS
Next offered 2006-2007.
203. Vertebrate Structure and Evolution
6 hours, 6NS
Next offered 2006-2007.
204. Plant Biology
4 hours, 4NS
First Semester.
An introduction to the anatomy, development,
and physiology of plants with emphasis on flowering plants.
Lectures and laboratories will highlight
fundamentals of plant structure and function including adaptive features for
life in specific types of environments. Prerequisite: BIOL 118/119, and 120
or consent of instructor. Enrollment Limit: 16.
Mr. Benzing, Mr. Miller
205. Community Ecology
4 hours, 4NS, WRi
First Semester.
This course is a study of the natural patterns
and processes that occur between and among species. Topics
will include symbiosis, island
biogeography, diversity and succession. Readings from the primary literature
will be the focus
of classroom discussions and writing assignments. Labs will include weekly
field trips to familiarize students with local natural communities and field
techniques,
and the scientific process. Prerequisites: BIOL 120 and consent of instructor.
Note: This course is offered in alternate years. Enrollment Limit: 14.
Ms. Garvin
207. The Fungi
3 hours, 3NS
First Semester.
First Module.
A study of the major groups of
the fungi. Lectures and laboratory will deal with the ecological
and economic importance, the life
cycles, and evolutionary relationships of the fungi. Laboratories will emphasize
the collection and identification of local edible and poisonous species of
mushrooms with weekly Tuesday field trips. Thursday labs will be devoted to
identifying
new specimens and examination of important, smaller, less well-known fungi.
Prerequisites: BIOL 118/119 and 120 or consent of instructor. Enrollment Limit:
16.
Mr. Miller
208. Population Biology
3 hours, 3NS, QPh
First Semester.
Population biology deals with the biotic and
abiotic factors that influence population size and stability.
Variation in these factors leads
to temporal and spatial differences among populations. Major topics include:
population growth; demographic variation and stability; population genetics,
competition, and predation. Prerequisite: BIOL 120. Enrollment Limit: 25.
Mr. Laushman
212. Behavioral Ecology
4 hours, 4NS
Next offered 2006-2007.
213. Cell and Molecular Biology (Lecture only)
3 hours, 3NS
First Semester.
A detailed study of cell structure and function
at the molecular level. Topics to be discussed include structure
and function of membranes and
cell organelles; gene structure, function and regulation; bioenergetics; cell
cycle control, signal transduction and genetic engineering. The intent of the
course is to integrate molecular biology, biochemistry, and cell biology in
order to provide a firm foundation for many of the more specialized courses
in the
major.
Prerequisites: BIOL 118/119 or 120 and CHEM 102 or 103. Note: Not recommended
for first-year students.
Ms. Peters, Ms. Romberg
214. Cell and Molecular Biology (Laboratory only)
1 hour,
1NS
First Semester.
Laboratory exercises are designed to illustrate
processes central to cell and molecular biology and to familiarize
students with basic skills
required at the laboratory bench. Corequisite: BIOL 213. Enrollment Limit:
20.
Ms. Romberg, Ms. Thornton, Ms. Peters
215. Ornithology
3 hours, 3NS
Second Semester.
This course will present birds both as a unique
group and as representative of vertebrates. The course will
emphasize adaptation, ecology,
and behavior of birds, and introduce students to methods used in modern ornithology.
We also will consider current views of the systematic relationships among living
birds, and the evolutionary history of birds, including the debate regarding
their origin in relation to dinosaurs.
Prerequisites: BIOL 118 or BIOL 120.
Consent
of instructor required. Enrollment Limit: 24.
Mr. Tarvin
216. Ornithology Laboratory
1 hour,
1NS
Second Semester.
Laboratory sessions will meet on alternate
Saturday or alternate Sunday mornings (occasionally at night),
and emphasize field identification,
habitat relationships, migration, and behavior.
Corequisite: BIOL 215. Consent
of instructor required. Enrollment Limit: 12.
Mr. Tarvin
218. Evolution
3 hours, 3NS
First Semester.
Principles of microevolution (selection, gene
flow, mutation, genetic drift, and factors that influence population
genetic structure), evolutionary
ecology (life history strategies, gene-environment interactions), and macroevolution
(changes above the species level) will be studied, with emphasis on both the
process and pattern of organic evolution. Prerequisites: BIOL 118, 120. Consent
of instructor required. Enrollment Limit: 24.
Mr. Tarvin
301. Developmental Biology
3 hours, 3NS, WR
Second Semester.
A survey of the developmental processes at
the molecular, cellular and organismal levels in vertebrate
and invertebrate animals, and
also certain
plants and protists. Two 50-minute lectures will explore cell differentiation,
pattern formation, and morphogenesis in embryos, presented with an emphasis
on evolution. A three-hour demonstration-discussion session per week will complement
lecture material with specimens, models and student-led presentations.
Prerequisites:
BIOL 118/119, and 213 or consent of instructor. Enrollment Limit: 15.
Ms. Cruz
302. Developmental Biology Laboratory
2 hours, 2NS
Second Semester.
Experiments and laboratory exercises designed
to familiarize students with approaches to the study of embryogenic
and developmental processes
at the cell, tissue, and organismal levels. Live and preserved animals will
be used in class, which will meet for one-half to two hours per week in addition
to regularly scheduled class times.
Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 301. Enrollment Limit: 15.
Ms. Cruz
304. Mechanisms of Plant Adaptation
3 hours, 3NS
Second Semester.
This course focuses on cellular and molecular
mechanisms that affect plants' ability to succeed in natural and agricultural populations.
Topics will include central issues of plant physiology such as control of flowering,
and nitrogen use, which have implications for agriculture, as well other issues
of ecological significance such as natural defenses against plant pathogens,
response to stresses such as cold and salinity, and mechanisms of light perception.
Creation of transgenic plants for use in agriculture and research will be discussed.
Prerequisite: BIOL 213 or consent of the instructor.
Ms. Laskowski
305. Experiments in Plant Growth and Development
2 hours, 2NS
Second Semester.
In this laboratory course, students will learn
some of the molecular and genetic techniques currently used
in plant research and employ
them in independent
projects. Working together, we will choose a set of novel projects that can
be carried out over the course of the semester. Because we will work with living
organisms, and use experimental techniques that do not always fit into three-hour
labs, students will be required to work independently for three to four hours per week outside of scheduled lab times to complete their projects.
Corequisite:
BIOL 304. Enrollment Limit: 8.
Ms. Laskowski
306. Microbiology (Lecture only)
3 hours, 3NS
Second Semester.
The study of microorganisms with an emphasis
on prokaryotes. Major areas to be covered include microbial
cell structure and function, physiology,
metabolism, genetics, diversity, and ecology. Applied aspects of microbiology
will also be discussed such as biotechnology, the role of microorganisms in
environmental processes, and medical microbiology.
Prerequisites: BIOL 213/214
and CHEM 205.
Enrollment Limit: 25.
Ms. Romberg
307. Microbiology (Laboratory)
1 hour,
1NS
Second Semester.
Laboratory exercises are designed to illustrate
processes central to microbiology and to familiarize students
with basic skills required
for working
with microorganisms. Topics will include asceptic technique, microscopy, and
isolation and identification of unknown bacteria.
Co-requisite. BIOL 306. Enrollment Limit: 16.
Ms. Romberg
310. Genetics
4 hours, 4NS
Second Semester.
The study of heredity has evolved into a
discipline whose limits are continually expanded by innovative
molecular
technologies. This
course explores
the experimental basis for our current understanding of the structures, functions
and inheritance of genes. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic genetics with illustrative
material from viruses, bacteria, plants, and humans is presented. The laboratory
part of the course provides an experimental introduction to classical and modern
genetic analysis.
Prerequisites: BIOL 118/119, 120, and 213/214. Enrollment Limit: 24.
Ms. Peters
312. Animal Physiology
4 hours, 4NS, WR
First Semester.
This course explores the function of the body,
from the molecular level (e.g., generation of electrical signals
in the nervous system) to the
organismal level (e.g., adaptations to pregnancy, exercise, or extreme environments).
Classes
and laboratories study the physiology of excitable cells (e.g., nerves and
muscles), cardiovascular system, lungs and respiratory system, kidneys and
renal system,
and reproduction. Prerequisite: BIOL 213 or NSCI 201 or NSCI 204 or consent
of instructor. Enrollment Limit: 28.
Mr. Allen
313. The Living Cell
3 hours, 3NS, WR
Second Semester.
This course explores the vibrant activity
of cells, ranging from intracellular shuttling of vesicles
and organelles to locomotion of cells
during events such as embryogenesis, cancer, or wound healing. To understand
how this activity arises, the course studies the design and function of the
involved proteins, as well as the signaling pathways orchestrating the activity.
Involves
each week two class meetings and one small-group discussion. Prerequisite:
BIOL 213 or NSCI 201 or NSCI 204 or consent of instructor. Enrollment Limit:
16.
Mr. Allen
314. The Living Cell (with Research Project)
3-4 hours, 3-4NS
Second Semester.
This course shares two weekly classes with
BIOL 313, but includes a semester-long, small-group research
project in place of the small-group discussions.
Chosen by students in consultation with instructor, the projects will develop
students' mastery of current cell biological research techniques (e.g.,
mutagenesis, genetic screens, spectroscopy, or advanced microscopy), as well
as skills at designing, performing, and then communicating experiments. Consent
of instructor required. Enrollment Limit: 10.
Mr. Allen
325. Principles of Vascular Plant Taxonomy and Systematics
2 hours, 2NS, WR
First Semester First Module.
This course constitutes an introduction
to plant taxonomy and systematics. Lectures, discussions,
and readings will focus on
the evolutionary history of vascular plants, mechanisms of speciation, methods
for
inferring plant phylogeny and taxonomic nomenclature. The laboratories will
be devoted primarily to familiarization with the information necessary to
identify plants in the field and from preserved specimens.
Prerequisite: BIOL 118/119,
120 or consent of instructor. Enrollment Limit: 24.
Mr. Benzing
326. Vascular Plant Diversity and Systematics
2 hours, 2NS, WR
Second Semester Second Module.
This course deals with the
diversity of vascular plants broadly defined. Specific
subjects include the adaptive strategies
of higher plants, relationships among the major taxa, particularly families
within
the angiosperm complex, and plants as actors within biological communities
and as partners in symbioses. Most of the laboratories will be devoted
to field work
and familiarization with the local flora in winter condition and early
during the growing season. Enrollment Limit: 24. Prerequisite:
BIOL 118/119, 120
or consent of instructor. BIOL 325 highly recommended.
Mr. Benzing
327. Immunology
3 hours, 3NS
First Semester.
A comprehensive introduction to our current
understanding of the immune system, including innate, humoral,
and cell-mediated components.
Emphasis is placed on the molecular and cellular events underlying
immunity. Lectures,
discussion, and problem sets present the important experimental techniques
currently used by immunologists. Discussion of current applications
(e.g. vaccination)
and challenges (e.g. autoimmune disease) illustrate the link between
basic research
and clinical immunology and reveal social and political aspects of
biomedical research. Prerequisite: BIOL 118, 120, and 213.
Enrollment Limit: 25.
Note: Priority given to juniors and seniors.
Ms. Salter
328. Immunology Research Methods
1.5 hours, 1.5NS
First Semester.
The laboratory introduces students to techniques
for detecting the reaction between antigens and antibodies
and for isolating
and characterizing
cells of the immune system. Cell-culturing techniques are taught.
Much of the course consists of a semi-independent research
project utilizing
hybridomas
and the monoclonal antibodies they secrete. Most experiments will
require one
to
two hours outside the regularly scheduled laboratory meetings. Prerequisite:
BIOL 213. Enrollment Limit: 8. Note: Priority given to juniors and
seniors.
Ms. Salter
329. Virology
3 hours, 3NS
Second Semester.
An introduction to the basic principles
of virology, including the biochemistry, molecular genetics,
and genetics of viruses
with emphasis
on animal viruses. Lectures will examine viruses as important model
systems for
elucidating the basic principles of molecular biology and also
as important agents of disease. Medical topics will include
a discussion
of the
pathogenesis, immunology,
and prevention/treatment of important human viral diseases.
Prerequisites:
BIOL 118, 120, and 213. Enrollment Limit: 24. Note: Priority given
to juniors and
seniors.
Ms. Salter
333. Use of Mammalian Cell Culture in Research
2 hours, 2NS
Second Semester.
An introduction to the principles and techniques
for culturing mammalian cells. The overall goal is to teach practical
laboratory
skills
so that students can function independently in a research lab.
Topics include lab safety; adherent and suspension cells; media
preparation;
contaminant
detection;
cryopreservation; proliferation assays; and transfection and
expression of foreign
DNA. Students are expected to work independently for three to
four hours per week in addition to the scheduled group meetings.
Prerequisite:
BIOL
213/214.
Enrollment Limit: 8.
Ms. Salter
501, 502. Research
1-3 hours, 1-3NS
Projects for original investigation are developed by students in consultation
with a faculty member. Students in the Honors Program enroll for both semesters
of their senior year. A maximum of three credit hours (four hours for Honors
students completing two semesters of research) and one laboratory unit may be
earned in this course toward the requirements for a biology major. Research sponsored
by Mr. Allen, Mr. Benzing, Ms. Cruz, Ms. Garvin, Ms. Laskowski, Mr. Laushman,
Mr. Miller, Ms. Peters, Ms. Romberg, Ms. Salter, Mr. Tarvin, and Ms. Thornton.
Consent of instructor required.
995. Private Reading
1-3 hours, 1-3NS
Independent study of a subject arranged by student with member of Biology
teaching staff, who supervises the project. Only subjects beyond the range
of catalog
course offerings permitted. Special approvals required from: project supervisor,
student's academic advisor, and department chair. Note: A student is
limited to one private reading course per semester. Private readings sponsored
by Mr.
Allen, Ms. Bennett, Mr. Benzing, Mr. Braford, Ms. Cruz, Ms. Garvin, Ms. Laskowski,
Mr. Laushman, Mr. Miller, Ms. Peters, Ms. Romberg, Ms. Salter, Mr. Tarvin,
and Ms. Thornton. Consent of instructor required.
