When reporting on the research completed for a seminar paper or classroom project, one of the more difficult encounters for the student user is the completion of the reference footnotes and accompanying bibliography. To meet the standard of bibliographic form, student users are to report on the facts of publication for each book or article used. On the other hand, you use reference footnotes to cite the authority for statements in text and to make cross-references. For a discussion of reference footnotes as well as content footnotes, you should read Kate L. Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, revised and expanded, 6th edition (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1996), chapters 8 and 11.

Provided here are a number of samples to follow when citing primary sources located at the Oberlin College Archives. It is useful for research notes to include the appropriate numbers assigned to folders or boxes in order for you to return easily to documents. However, it is not always essential that you incorporate this information in the footnote(s) accompanying the research paper itself. Researchers may want to be more precise with the annotation, however, if you use the archival material from a large collection or if the group lacks a good collection-level inventory. Sometimes this requires one to identify the folder heading itself in the citation. You need not always insert the classification number assigned a group/collection (e.g., RG 5, Records of the Office of Secretary, or RG 30/24, Robert. S. Fletcher Papers) as part of the footnote. Finally, if you largely derive the primary research from the Oberlin College Archives, no need exists to cite the repository in each individual footnote. Researchers can state this fact up front in the text of the first footnote: all primary sources cited below are from the Oberlin College Archives. When using sources on a more regular basis, you can abbreviate the repository (Oberlin College Archives: O.C.A.).

Researchers also should understand that the citation of an unpublished item, regardless of format, has three parts:

1. description of the item;
2. name of the aggregate of items to which it belongs (group, collection, or book title); and,
3. the name and location of the repository that holds this material.

1. Printed or Published Works

¹ "Ignoring the Public," editorial in the Oberlin News-Tribune, May 8, 1975.

² "Race Relations in Oberlin: Liberal But . . .," Oberlin Review, November 13, 1962.

Unless making use of the title in the body of the research paper, one should include the title with the name of the newspaper or periodical. When using Sunday editions of large metropolitan newspapers, it is sometimes useful to give the section number (or letter) and page number.

The newspapers on microfilm are located in the College Library. The Department of Special Collections holds the original.

³ Keyes D. Metcalf, "The Oberlin College Library," Oberlin Alumni Magazine, 19 (January 1923): 14.

⁴ [Oberlin College], Order of Exercises at the Dedication of the Spear Library . . . (Boston, 1885), 16-17.

⁵ "Annual Report of Librarian, 1917/18," in Oberlin College Annual Reports (Oberlin, 1918), 154, O.C.A.

⁶ President's Report (12 November 1960), Oberlin College 1959-1960, 8ff, O.C.A.

2. Archival/Manuscript Sources

⁷ Eileen Thornton to Donald Love, 16 November 1959, Office of the Secretary, Box 6, O.C.A.

You need not report "letter," but sometimes it is useful to identify the "Correspondence Series," if more than one exists for the record group.

⁸ Robert K. Carr to Congressman Wilbur D. Mills, 29 April 1969, Correspondence Series, Carr Presidential Records, Box 12, O.C.A.

⁹ C[harles] R. K[eesey] to Robert K. Carr, 25 April 1960, (file labeled "Archives"), Carr Presidential Records, Box 6, O.C.A.

¹⁰ Quoted from the Journals of John Patchin and Elizabeth Wakeley Patchin, as recorded by Claribel L. Bickford (copies of typescript), page 29, Oberlin File, Writings By, Box 3, O.C.A.

¹¹ Minutes, Executive Committee of [the] Board of Trustees, 23 April 1962 (D.F. 732 III b), Box 54, O.C.A.

¹² Staff File (Robert R. Barr), Alumni & Development Records, Box 6, O.C.A.

¹³ Student File (Robert S. Fletcher), Alumni & Development Records, Box 247, O.C.A.

¹⁴ Eileen Thornton to J. Periam Danton, 18 March 1969, George E. Woodberry Papers, Box 2, O.C.A.

¹⁵ Audio Tape, Oberlin Lesbian, Gay, & Bisexual Alumni Colloquium, 27 May 1995, Cassette Tape Collection, O.C.A.

¹⁶ Transcript of oral history interview, Frederick B. Artz, 2 February 1979, Oral History Collection, Box 1, O.C.A.

¹⁷ Oral history interview with President S. Frederick Starr, 29 January 1992. Document in author's custody.

The leading manuals of style (e.g., The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition, 1993) recommend these components in this order for bibliographic citations: 1) the title or description of the aggregate of items (if any) or the individual item (if there is no aggregate); and, 2) the name and location of the repository:

1. Archives and Manuscript Sources

Oberlin College Archives, Oberlin, Ohio
Alumni Office. Records (Formers/Graduates), 1833-1990
Career Development & Placement Office. Records, 1887-1975
Erwin N. Griswold. Papers, 1936-1982
Charles Martin Hall. Papers, 1882-1986
Irving W. Metcalf. Papers, 1881-1948
Secretary's Office. Records, 1834-1989
William E. Stevenson. Records, 1946-1960
Warren Taylor. Papers, 1930-1985


Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio
Theodore Elyah Burton. Papers, 1876-1928
Cleveland Mayor's Advisory War Committee. Records, 1917-1920
Willoughby Township. Justices of the Peace. Records, 1890-1930

2. Secondary Sources

Baumann, Roland M., compiler, Oberlin History Bibliography: A Partial Listing of Published Titles Bearing on the History of the College and Community Covering the Period 1833 to 1992 (Oberlin, 1992).

Blodgett, Geoffrey T., "Myth and Reality in Oberlin History," Oberlin Alumni Magazine, 68 (May/June 1972): 4-10.

Fletcher, Robert S., A History of Oberlin College: From Its Foundation Through the Civil War, 2 vols. (Oberlin, 1943).

Whatever order you use, you should alphabetize unpublished manuscript sources in a separate section of the bibliography. It is also customary to report separately primary sources and secondary sources, unless the number of them is too modest.

February, 1997; Revised 1999